310 results
403 Epithelial hypoxia maintains colonization resistance against Candida albicans
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- Derek J. Bays, Hannah P. Savage, Connor Tiffany, Mariela A. F. Gonzalez, Eli. J. Bejarano, Henry Nguyen, Hugo L. P. Masson, Thaynara P. Carvalho, Renato L. Santos, Andrew Tritt, Suzanne M. Noble, George R. Thompson, Andreas J. Bäumler
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- Journal of Clinical and Translational Science / Volume 8 / Issue s1 / April 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 03 April 2024, pp. 119-120
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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Antibiotic treatment sets the stage for intestinal domination by Candida albicanswhich is necessary for development of invasive disease, but the resources driving this bloom remain poorly defined. We sought to determine these factors in order to design novel prophylaxis strategies for reducing gastrointestinal (GI) colonization. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We initially developed a generalizable framework, termed metabolic footprinting to determine the metabolites C. albicanspreferentially uses in the mouse GI tract. After identifying the metabolites C. albicansutilizes, we usedin vitro growth assays in the presence and absence of oxygen to validate out metabolomics findings. We next determined if a probiotic E. coli that utilizes oxygen would reduce C. albicanscolonization compared to a mutant E. coli that could not respire oxygen. Finding that oxygen was a necessary resource, we utilized germ-free mice to determine if Clostridiaspp. known to reduce GI oxygen would prevent C. albicanscolonization. Lastly, we sought to see if 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) could prevent C. albicanscolonization. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We found that C. albicans preferentially utilizes simple carbohydrates including fructo-oligosaccharides (e.g., 1-kestose), disaccharides (e.g., β-gentiobiose), and alcoholic sugars (e.g., sorbitol) and is able to grow in vitro on minimal media supplemented with either of these nutrients. However, in the hypoxic environment that is found in the “healthy” colon, C. albicans cannot utilize these nutrients. We next found that pre-colonization in a mouse model with a probiotic E. coli significantly reduced C. albicanscolonization, but the mutant E. coli had no effect on colonization. We next showed that Clostridia supplementation restored GI hypoxia and reduced C. albicanscolonization. Remarkably, we found that 5-ASA significantly reduced GI colonization of C. albicans. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: We have shown that C. albicans requires oxygen to colonize the GI tract. Importantly, we found that 5-ASA can prevent an antibiotic mediated bloom of C. albicans by restoring GI hypoxia, which warrants additional studies to determine if 5-ASA can be used as an adjunctive prophylactic treatment in high risk patients.
Mechanism of Acid Activation of Magnesic Palygorskite
- F. Gonzalez, C. Pesquera, I. Benito, S. Mendioroz, J. A. Pajares
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- Clays and Clay Minerals / Volume 37 / Issue 3 / June 1989
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 April 2024, pp. 258-262
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This paper compares the texture of palygorskite after acid leaching with that of the product after extraction silica is removed. These effects were evaluated on the basis of nitrogen adsorption-desorption and mercury penetration porosimetry. Acid leaching at reflux temperature with 2 N HCl resulted in an increase in surface area from 138 to 399 m2/g, due to a partial (~50%) dissolution of the octahedral sheet and the creation of microporosity. This microporosity disappeared if the silica generated by the leaching was removed. The surface area also decreased from 399 to 214 m2/g, and the pore volume decreased from 0.538 to 0.507 cm3/g. The microporosity must therefore have been due to texture development in the generated silica.
Zeolites in Pyroclastic Deposits in Southeastern Tenerife (Canary Islands)
- J. E. Garcia Hernandez, J. S. Notario del Pino, M. M. Gonzalez Martin, F. Hernan Reguera, J. A. Rodriguez Losada
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- Clays and Clay Minerals / Volume 41 / Issue 5 / October 1993
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 28 February 2024, pp. 521-526
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The chemical and the mineralogical composition of a group of pumiceous tuffs associated with recent salic volcanic episodes from Tenerife (Canary Islands) have been studied. The investigation focused on the two main types of pyroclastic deposits of the zone: ash-flows and ash-falls. The samples can be classified chemically as trachytic and phonolitic rocks with an intermediate silica content and a high percentage of alkali cations (Na+ and K+). The mineralogical composition, determined by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and optical microscopy, shows the occurrence of zeolites (mainly phillipsite, with lesser chabazite and analcime), associated with the parent glass. K-feldspar (sanidine) and calcite are accessory minerals. Zeolites are significantly more abundant in the ash-flow deposits. Zeolite formation by hydrothermal weathering in closed-system conditions varies according to the nature and the origin of the pyroclastic deposits. Tenerife phillipsites differ from typical diagenetic, lacustrine, and deep-sea phillipsites, both in chemical and mineralogical features. Alkali cations exceed divalent cations in the unit-cell that, assuming a monoclinic symmetry, has the following parameters: a = 8.46–10.55 Å, b = 14.21–14.40 Å, c = 7.80–8.70 Å, and β = 105°–110°.
Students’ emotional well-being and religiosity during the COVID-19 pandemic- an international study in 7 countries
- K. H. Karakula, A. Forma, R. Sitarz, J. Baj, D. Juchnowicz, J. Bogucki, W. Tuszyńska-Bogucka, M. L. Tee, C. A. Tee, J. T. Ly-Uson, M. S. Islam, M. T. Sikder, A. H. El-Monshed, A. Loutfy, M. F. Hussain Qureshi, M. Abbas, S. Taseen, M. Lakhani, S. Jayakumar, S. Ilango, S. Kumar, Á. A. Ruiz-Chow, A. Iturbide, D. D. González-Mille, H. Karakula-Juchnowicz
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S406
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Introduction
There are no conclusive findings about the possible protective role of religion on students’ mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, more research is needed.
ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between the level of emotional distress and religiosity among students from 7 different countries during the COVID-19 pandemic.
MethodsData were collected by an online cross-sectional survey that was distributed amongst Polish (N = 1196), Bengali (N = 1537), Indian (N = 483), Mexican (N = 231), Egyptian (N = 565), Philippine (N = 2062), and Pakistani (N = 506) students (N = 6642) from 12th April to 1st June 2021. The respondents were asked several questions regarding their religiosity which was measured by The Duke University Religion Index (DUREL), the emotional distress was measured by the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21).
ResultsEgypt with Islam as the dominant religion showed the greatest temple attendance (organizational religious activity: M=5.27±1.36) and spirituality (intrinsic religiosity: M=5.27±1.36), p<0.0001. On another hand, Egyptian students had the lowest emotional distress measured in all categories DASS-21 (depression: M=4.87±10.17, anxiety: M=4.78±10.13, stress: M=20.76±11.46). Two countries with the dominant Christian religion achieved the highest score for private religious activities (non-organizational religious activity; Mexico: M=3.94±0.94, Poland: M=3.63±1.20; p<0.0001) and experienced a moderate level of depressive symptoms, anxiety, and stress. Students from Mexico presented the lowest attendance to church (M=2.46±1,39) and spirituality (M=6.68± 3.41) and had the second highest level of depressive symptoms (M=19.13±13.03) and stress (M=20.27±1.98). Philippines students had the highest DASS-21 score (depression: M=22.77±12.58, anxiety: M=16.07±10.77, stress: M=4.87±10.08) and their level of religiosity reached average values in the whole group. The performed regression analysis confirmed the importance of the 3 dimensions (organizational religious activity, non-organizational religious activity, intrinsic religiosity) of religiosity for the well-being of students, except for the relationship between anxiety and private religious activities. The result was as presented for depression: R2=0.0398, F(3.664)=91.764, p<0.0001, SE of E: 12.88; anxiety: R2=0.0124, F(3.664)=27.683, p<0.0001, SE of E: 10,62; stress: R2= 0.0350, F(3.664)=80.363, p<0.0001, SE of E: 12.30.
ConclusionsThe higher commitment to organizational religious activity, non-organizational religious activity, and intrinsic religiositywas correlated with the lower level of depressive symptoms, stress, and anxiety among students during the COVID-19 pandemic, but taking into account factors related to religiosity explains the level of emotional well-being to a small extent.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Group psychotherapy for patients with first-episode psychosis: Effect on the clinical status and use of resources
- P. Herrero Ortega, A. Oliva Lozano, J. Garde González, C. Bayón-Pérez, R. Mediavilla, M. P. Vidal-Villegas, B. Rodríguez-Vega, S. Cebolla, E. Román, E. V. Pérez Pérez, M. F. Bravo-Ortiz, O. B. O. AGES-Mind Group
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S635-S636
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Introduction
Psychotic disorders carry several economical, psychological and social consequences, both at individual and community levels. Early intervention programs after first-episode psychosis which combine pharmacological and psychosocial strategies are aimed at reducing symptoms, lowering costs in the use of health and non-health care resources and improving overall functioning. AGES-Mind study is based on manualized psychotherapeutic interventions for people with first-psychosis episodes.
ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of a group psychotherapeutic intervention on the clinical status and use of clinical resources in a sample of patients with first-episode psychosis at 12 and 24 months after the beginning of the intervention. This cohort will be compared to patients with first-psychosis episodes without group psychotherapeutic intervention.
MethodsLongitudinal, observational, retrospective study on a cohort of N=46 patients with first-episode psychosis within the last 5 years. Two groups of 23 patients each were formed. The participants of one of those groups received group psychotherapy in the context of the AGES-Mind study and the other group received treatment as usual without group intervention. Non-exposed patients were matched by age, gender and time elapsed since first-episode psychosis with those exposed to the intervention. Sociodemographic data, clinical status and use of clinical resources outcome variables were assessed.
ResultsNo significant differences were found in clinical status and use of resources between participants and non-participants in the psychotherapeutic group intervention after 12 and 24 months.
ConclusionsAfter controlling for potentially confounding variables as sociodemographic, age and time since first-episode, participating in a group psychotherapeutic program does not seem to improve clinical variables or use of resources. Further studies with larger samples would be necessary to explore other variables, such as symptoms, satisfaction with the intervention or social functioning.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Searching for bridges between psychopathology and real-world functioning in first-episode psychosis: a network analysis from the OPTiMiSE trial
- F. Dal Santo, E. Fonseca-Pedrero, M. P. García-Portilla, L. González-Blanco, P. A. Sáiz, S. Galderisi, G. M. Giordano, J. Bobes
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S262-S263
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Introduction
Network analysis has been used to explore the interplay between psychopathology and functioning in psychosis, but no study has used dedicated statistical techniques to focus on the bridge symptoms connecting these domains.
ObjectivesThe current study aims to estimate the network of depressive, negative, and positive symptoms, general psychopathology, and real-world functioning in people with first-episode schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorder, focusing on bridge nodes.
MethodsBaseline data from the OPTiMiSE trial were analysed. The sample included 446 participants (age 40.0±10.9 years, 70% males). The network was estimated with a Gaussian graphical model (GGM), using scores on individual items of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), and the Personal and Social Performance (PSP) scale. Stability, strength centrality, expected influence (EI), predictability, and bridge centrality statistics were computed. The top 20% scoring nodes on bridge strength were selected as bridge nodes.
ResultsNodes from different rating scales assessing similar psychopathological and functioning constructs tended to cluster together in the estimated network (Fig. 1). The most central nodes (EI) were Delusions, Emotional Withdrawal, Depression, and Depressed Mood. Bridge nodes included Depression, Conceptual Disorganisation, Active Social Avoidance, Delusions, Stereotyped Thinking, Poor Impulse Control, Guilty Feelings, Unusual Thought Content, and Hostility. Most of the bridge nodes belonged to the general psychopathology subscale of the PANSS. Depression (G6) was the bridge node with the highest value.
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ConclusionsThe current study provides novel insights for understanding the complex phenotype of psychotic disorders and the mechanisms underlying the development and maintenance of comorbidity and functional impairment after psychosis onset.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
AGESMind clinical trial: SocialMIND® results at 16 weeks
- M. P. Vidal-Villegas, A. Abad Pérez, P. Herrero Ortega, A. Oliva Lozano, J. Garde González, J. Andreo-Jover, A. Muñoz-Sanjosé, R. Mediavilla, B. Rodríguez-Vega, G. Lahera, Á. Palao-Tarrero, C. Bayón-Pérez, M. F. Bravo-Ortiz
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S480-S481
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Introduction
Early intervention on a first psychotic episode is fundamental for a more favorable prognosis, and it usually combines pharmacological treatment, which mainly affects positive psychotic symptoms, with interventions that can improve the rest of the symptoms and associated problems such as deterioration in social functioning (Harvey & Penn, 2010; Fusar-Poli, McGorry & Kane, 2017). While Mindfulness is gaining more and more prominence in the field of psychotherapy (Chan et al., 2019; Cillesen et al., 2019), social cognition and social functioning are being researched as key targets on which to intervene after a first psychotic episode (Green, Horan & Lee, 2015).
SocialMIND® is a mindfulness-based social cognition training tailor-made to improve social functioning in people who have suffered a first psychotic episode within the last five years. It is currently being compared with a group Psychoeducational Multicomponent Intervention (PMI) in a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) (Mediavilla et al., 2019). Both group psychotherapies include 17 sessions delivered over a 9 month period: 8 weekly sessions, 4 biweekly sessions and 5 monthly sessions.
The results of SocialMIND® at 8 weeks showed improvements in social cognition and social functioning, specifically on affective social cognition and self-care (Mediavilla et al., 2021).
ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy of SocialMIND® in improving social functioning, measured by the Personal and Social Functioning (PSP) scale 16 weeks after starting the intervention, in people who have suffered a first psychotic episode in the last 5 years.
MethodsRandomized, controlled pilot trial (use of a psychoeducational multicomponent intervention or PMI as active comparator) of two parallel groups (SocialMIND® and PMI) with a 1:1 ratio using a blind evaluator.
ResultsNo statistically significant differences were found in the social functioning variable between the two treatment arms. Intragroup differences are observed in other secondary variables studied (social cognition) 16 weeks after starting the interventions.
ConclusionsSocialMIND® has not been shown to be more effective than a PMI in improving social functioning at 16 weeks after starting the intervention in people who have suffered a first psychotic episode in the five years prior to being included in the study.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Analysis of the predictive potential of good clinical response of plasma levels of clozapine in patients with resistant schizophrenia in an area of southern Spain
- L. I. Muñoz-Manchado, F. González-Saiz, J. I. Pérez-Revuelta, N. Laherrán-Cantera, R. J. Pardo-Velasco
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S446
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Introduction
Resistant schizophrenia is a schizophrenia subtype characterized by a non-ability to respond to an appropriate antipsychotic treatment in dosage and duration by the patients. These patients show a lower prognostic and symptomatology. The unique drug which has shown efficacy for resistant schizophrenia treatment is clozapine, which is effective in suicide and aggressive behaviour prevention too. Whereas clozapine has numerous and serious adverse effects such as agranulocytosis risk. Because of this, and for guaranteeing an accurate diagnosis of resistant schizophrenia, distinguishing this from pseudo-resistance due to a poor tracing of schizophrenia, clozapine’s plasmatic levels monitoring is recommended in Spain by many clinical practise-guidelines.
ObjectivesThis studio has the objective of determining if altered clozapine’s plasmatic levels have predictive potential of therapeutical response and answering what clinical and sociodemographic variables are associated to these anormal plasmatic levels.
MethodsIn this work, a cross-sectional observational study was carried out in which clinical and sociodemographic data obtained by the Mental Health Unit of the Jerez de la Frontera University Hospital were collected within the research project entitled: "Role of social cognition as a factor psychosocial functioning of the schizophrenic patient” (ECOFUN), of all the participating patients (in total the sample was 141 patients, of which 40 are in treatment with clozapine).
ResultsThe sample of patients has a mean age of 44 years and medium-high educational levels. The vast majority are men and do not currently consume substances of abuse, and when this consumption occurs, tobacco and alcohol are the most consumed substances. Their total scores on the PANSS and Markova Barrios scales are generally very disparate, but with average values of 55 and 16. It has been obtained as results that there is no significant statistical correlation between the plasma levels of clozapine and the values of the PANSS scale and its subscales in the patients. On the other hand, patients treated with clozapine would present clinical and sociodemographic characteristics practically identical to those of patients treated with other antipsychotics, especially their values on the PANSS scale. In addition, plasma levels of clozapine are correlated, although not significantly, with an improvement in the positive symptomatology of schizophrenia.
ConclusionsAs a conclusion, unusually higher values of clozapine are correlated significantly with lower values in positive symptomatology in schizophrenia, but plasmatic levels are not correlated significantly with values of PANSS scale.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Risk factors contributing to the possibility of conducting intensive home treatment and to the risk of hospitalization of 1045 home treated patients with Schizophrenia
- A. Sabaté, R. Talisa, D. Córcoles, J. León, A. Malagon, A. M. González, M. Bellsolà, P. Samos, F. Casanovas, M. A. Jerónimo, L. M. Martin, V. Pérez
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S184
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Introduction
Home Treatment (HT) teams are among the better-studied options to reduce admission at the hospital, having been described as an alternative to hospitalization in patients with schizophrenia. There may be certain risk factors which has already been described such as living alone (Dean and Gadd, BMJ, 1990; 301, 1021–1023; Schnyder et al., Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 1999; 99, 179–187), lack of awareness of the illness, uncooperativeness (Cotton et al., BMC Psychiatry, 2007; 7, 52) and fewer visits carried out (Morgan et al., Aust. New Zeal. J. Psychiatry,2006; 40, 683–690) which together can negatively influence the possibility of conducting intensive home follow-up and, therefore, increase the likelihood of hospitalization.
ObjectivesTo describe de relative contribution of several risk factors to patient hospitalization related to the possibility of conducting intensive home follow-up of patients diagnosed with Schizophrenia following home treatment. Second, to determine de risk of hospitalization related to the possibility of conducting intensive home follow-up according to the presence of one or more risk factors of patients diagnosed with Schizophrenia following home treatment.
MethodsAll patients with schizophrenia who were visited by a home treatment team in Barcelona between January 2017 and December 2021 were included in the study. To assess whether there was an increased risk of hospitalization associated with factors such as living alone, uncooperativeness (PANSS G8 item >= 4) and ≤1 home visit, two bivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. We studied these factors as independent variables to assess the relative contribution to the risk of hospitalization, and we studied if the presence of 1, 2, 3 or 4 of these risk factors as independent variables worsened the risk of hospitalization.
ResultsUncooperativeness shows the highest contribution to the risk of hospitalization, followed by ≤ 1 home visit, lack of insight and living alone, all results reaching significance (p=0.000).
There is an increase in the risk of hospitalization depending of the presence of 1,2,3 or 4 of these risk factors (1 risk factor (Odds Ratio = 1.21), 2 risk factors (Odds Ratio = 5.28), 3 risk factors (Odds ratio = 13.53), 4 risk factors (Odds ratio = 29.18).
ConclusionsThere are a number of factors directly related to the possibility of conducting intensive follow-up that appear relevant in the case of psychotic patients in acute crisis treated at home. This set of variables are the lack of awareness of the illness, lack of collaboration, living alone and the number of visits that have been made, all with statistically significant differences in our study. These factors together also greatly increase the risk of hospitalization, becoming almost 30 times more likely when these 4 factors are present.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Positive relationships and academic stressors in the post-pandemic context of covid-19 in adolescents from a school in Córdoba, Colombia.
- E. P. Ruiz Gonzalez, M. F. Martinez Burgos, V. Contrera Montiel, M. N. Muñoz Argel, J. J. Diaz Muñoz
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S214
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Introduction
Berscheid (1999), taken from Lacunza & Contini (2016), indicated that social relations were the foundation of the human condition. From positive psychology, Park et al. (2013) point out good relationships as a factor that contributes to a good psychological life, since they provide emotional and instrumental support in times of stress and challenge, indicating, in turn, normal evolutionary development and the avoidance of psychopathological problems.
ObjectivesTo establish the relationship between positive relationships and the presence of stressors in adolescents.
MethodsA cross-sectional, descriptive-correlational study was carried out in 109 (N= 109) adolescents. The SISCO Inventory was used to study academic stress as well as the Ryff Psychological Well-Being Scale.
ResultsA negative magnitude correlation was found between positive relationships and stressors. ( Table 1).
As a secondary result, 60.6% of the evaluated adolescents presented life purpos as the factor with the highest score in the psychological well-being variable. This points to authors such as Erikson (1988, p. 96), who define adolescence as a space characterized by feelings of creativity, productivity, new ideas, and a period of cognitive and social maturation, which leads to a definitive commitment to life itself. (Graph 1).
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ConclusionsPositive relationships in adolescents decrease the presence of stimuli considered stressors.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Cumulative trauma exposure comparison between non-refugee immigrants and locals with psychotic disorder
- A. Trabsa Biskri, A. Mané, L. González, J. M. Ginés, F. Casanovas, A. Moreno, B. Amann, V. Pérez Sola
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S62
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Introduction
A significant global increase in immigration has been reported due to humanitarian crisis around the world. Trauma exposure related to migration process is usually multiple and maintained in long-term which could provoke a cumulative effect. Moreover, several meta-analysis describe increased risk for psychosis in immigrant population. Despite this increase, there is a lack of research in non-refugee immigrants specially within those with psychotic disorder.
ObjectivesThe aim of the study is to describe and compare cumulative lifetime trauma between immigrants and locals with psychotic disorder.
MethodsPatients who have presented, according to DSM-V criteria, one or more non-affective psychotic episodes, were recruited in Acute and Chronic inpatients units at Hospital del Mar (Barcelona) from November 2019 to June 2021, leading to a total sample of 199 patients. Demographic characteristics of patients, clinical data and main pharmacological treatment were recorded through a questionnaire. Database information was completed with electronic medical records. Cumulative trauma Scale was used as instrument to assess lifetime trauma exposure frequency and distress. Comparative analysis was performed with IBM SPSS Statistics (Chicago INC) using Chi-Square Test for qualitative variables and t-Student test for continuous variables. Covariate adjustment with demographic and clinical variables was performed by ANOVA test. Study received local ethics committee approval “CEIC” (No. 2019/8398/I).
ResultsFrom a total of 198 patients, 99 (50%) were immigrants and 99 (50%) locals. Immigrants were exposed on average 3 times more to lifetime traumatic events (16.12) when compared to locals (5.39). Likewise, distress intensity caused by trauma exposure had a mean of 97.13 in immigrants compared to 27.24 in locals. Traumatic events more present in immigrants’ group were “uprooting” (82.8%), “physical abuse” (76.8%), racial discrimination (74.7%), threat of death (74.7%) and life-threatening to close friend (72.2%) and in local group was school failure (42.4%), serious disease (38.4%), accidents (36.4%), physical abuse (36.4%) and interpersonal relationship rejection (36.4%).
ConclusionsAccording to our results there are important differences in cumulative traumatic events between immigrants and locals with psychotic disorder. Immigrants showed three times more lifetime traumatic events than locals. Likewise, immigrants presented significant higher level of distress caused by lifetime trauma and the nature of traumatic events was more severe. These results should be considered in order to offer better assessment and treatment to this population considering this comorbidity.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Smoking treatments for patients with mental illness: case presentation and a brief literature review
- F. Garcia Sanchez, M. Gutierrez Rodriguez, C. Moreno Menguiano, M. A. Corral Alonso, J. J. Vazquez Vazquez, S. M. Bañon Gonzalez, V. Voces Domingo, J. A. Casado de la Hera
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S756
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Introduction
Smoking prevalence in patients with mental illness ranges between two to 4 times higher than general population. This higher prevalence has a multifactorial origin, and some of the possible causes are still unknown.
They have a higher prevalence of tobacco-associated diseases and higher mortality.
Additionally, these patients have greater difficulty in treating and quitting smoking.
A relationship has been found between severity of mental illness and smoking. Risk of suicide seems to be higher in patients with higher tobacco consumption. Schizophrenia is the mental illness that has been most closely related to smoking, with a prevalence close to 90%.
ObjectivesThe aim of this work is reviewing the current bibliography referring to smoking treatments for patients with mental illness
MethodsA literature search using electronic manuscripts available in PubMed database published during the last ten years and further description and discussion of a single-patient clinical case
ResultsThe treatment of tobacco dependence in patients with mental illnesses is sometimes waited until there is psychiatric stability, which can take a long time in those cases with more severe mental disorders, which can have negative physical and psychiatric consequences.
The combined treatment of cognitive behavioral therapy and pharmacological treatment is the most effective approach. Nicotine replacement therapy can be useful, while combined use of antidepressants or anxiolytics is also recommended.
Bupropion has shown efficacy. In patients with schizophrenia it does not seem to worsen positive symptomatology, but improving the negative one. It should not be used in patients with bipolar disorder or bulimia.
Varenicline has shown efficacy in the general population, but limitations were established in patients with mental illness, although it is the drug that has shown greater efficacy. However, is not currently available in our country.
Cytisine is a drug with limited number of studies in the psychiatric population but it may be a reasonable treatment alternative.
ConclusionsThe prevalence of tobacco use in patients with mental illness is higher than the general population, especially in paranoid schizophrenia. The consequences on physical health and the evolution of psychiatric illness are very relevant. Based on above, a multidisciplinary and coordinated management involving psychiatrists and other specialists in the treatment of these patients should be desirable.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Efficacy of paliperidone palmitate 3-month formulation in preventing hospital admissions and emergency room visits. 66 months of follow-up
- S. L. Romero Guillena, B. O. Plasencia Garcia de Diego, J. Gomez Gonzalez, F. Gotor Sánchez-Luengo
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S487
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Introduction
Paliperidone Palmitate 3-month formulation (PP3M) has shown a significantly longer time to relapse compared to placebo, with similar efficacy and safety to Paliperidone Palmitate 1-month (PP1M) (Carpiniello et al. Drug Des. Devel. Ther. 2016; 10 1731–1742).
ObjectivesThe main objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of PP3M in preventing hospital admissions and emergency room visits, in people with non-acute schizophrenia in a naturalistic psychiatric outpatient setting
MethodsSample: 30 people with diagnosis of schizophrenia (DSM 5 criteria), who had started treatment with PP3M, after being stabilized with PP1M (the dose was not modified in the four months prior to inclusion in the study)
Quarterly basis, the following evaluations were performed during a follow-up period of 66 months:
The Clinical Global Impression-Schizophrenia scale (CGI-SCH)
Treatment adherence, concomitant medication and the number of hospitalizations and emergency visits
Efficacy values: Percentage of patients who remained free of admissions at the end of 66 months of follow-up.
Other evaluation criteria: Percentage of patients who never visited the emergency department at the end of 66 months of follow-up. Average change from baseline visit to the final evaluation as assessed by score obtained on the following scale: GSI-SCH, percentage of patients on antipsychotic monotherapy and treatment adherence rate.
ResultsThe mean dose of PP3M was 401. 55 mg
The percentage of patients who remained free of admissions at the end of the 66 months was 83.25% and the percentage of patients who never visited the emergency department at the end of 66 months was 79.92%
Mean variations from baseline scores at 66 months were: (-0.36 ±0-37) on the GCI-SCH.
The percentage of patients on antipsychotic monotherapy at the end of the 66 months was 76.56%
The rate of adherence was 86.58%
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ConclusionsIn our study, we found that paliperidone palmitate 3-month formulation was effective in reducing the number of admissions and visits to the emergency department, under conditions of daily clinical practice.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Facing the COVID-19 pandemic – an assessment of students’ mental health and major coping strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic – an international study
- A. A. Forma, K. H. Karakuła, R. Sitarz, D. Juchnowicz, J. Baj, J. Bogucki, J. Rog, M. L. Tee, C. A. Tee, J. T. Ly-Uson, M. S. Islam, M. T. Sikder, A. H. El-Monshed, A. Loutfy, M. F. H. Qureshi, M. Abbas, S. Taseen, M. Lakhani, C. Wang, X. Wan, Y. Tan, R. Pan, R. Ho, S. Jayakumar, S. Ilango, S. Kumar K, Á. A. Ruiz-Chow, A. Iturbide, D. D. González-Mille, L. P. Doan, H. Karakuła-Juchnowicz
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S152-S153
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Introduction
TDuring COVID-19 pandemic, it was noticed that it was students who were mostly affected by the changes that aroused because of the pandemic. The interesting part is whether students’ well-being could be associated with their fields of study as well as coping strategies.
ObjectivesIn this study, we aimed to assess 1) the mental health of students from nine countries with a particular focus on depression, anxiety, and stress levels and their fields of study, 2) the major coping strategies of students after one year of the COVID-19 pandemic.
MethodsWe conducted an anonymous online cross-sectional survey on 12th April – 1st June 2021 that was distributed among the students from Poland, Mexico, Egypt, India, Pakistan, China, Vietnam, Philippines, and Bangladesh. To measure the emotional distress, we used the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), and to identify the major coping strategies of students - the Brief-COPE.
ResultsWe gathered 7219 responses from students studying five major studies: medical studies (N=2821), social sciences (N=1471), technical sciences (N=891), artistic/humanistic studies (N=1094), sciences (N=942). The greatest intensity of depression (M=18.29±13.83; moderate intensity), anxiety (M=13.13±11.37; moderate intensity ), and stress (M=17.86±12.94; mild intensity) was observed among sciences students. Medical students presented the lowest intensity of all three components - depression (M=13.31±12.45; mild intensity), anxiety (M=10.37±10.57; moderate intensity), and stress (M=13.65±11.94; mild intensity). Students of all fields primarily used acceptance and self-distraction as their coping mechanisms, while the least commonly used were self-blame, denial, and substance use. The group of coping mechanisms the most frequently used was ‘emotional focus’. Medical students statistically less often used avoidant coping strategies compared to other fields of study. Substance use was only one coping mechanism that did not statistically differ between students of different fields of study. Behavioral disengagement presented the highest correlation with depression (r=0.54), anxiety (r=0.48), and stress (r=0.47) while religion presented the lowest positive correlation with depression (r=0.07), anxiety (r=0.14), and stress (r=0.11).
Conclusions1) The greatest intensity of depression, anxiety, and stress was observed among sciences students, while the lowest intensity of those components was found among students studying medicine.
2) Not using avoidant coping strategies might be associated with lower intensity of all DASS components among students.
3) Behavioral disengagement might be strongly associated with greater intensity of depression, anxiety, and stress among students.
4) There was no coping mechanism that provided the alleviation of emotional distress in all the fields of studies of students.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Phenomenology, clinical aspects and therapeutic implications of delusional memories in Delusional Disorders: A Systematic Review
- A. González- Rodríguez, J. A. Monreal, M. Solmi, M. Balestrieri, M. Fornaro, A.-L. Panfil, F. Duval, M. V. Seeman
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S373
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Introduction
Delusional memories or retrospective delusions have been extensively reported in subjects during or after intensive care stays. In major psychoses, authors have classically observed delusional memories impacting the prognosis and mental well-being.
ObjectivesOur aim was to review the phenomenology, psychological/biological factors contributing to delusional memories in delusional disorder (DD), and potential treatment strategies.
MethodsSystematic review using PubMed, Scopus, SciELO and Web of Science electronic databases (inception-September 2022). Search terms: (“delusional memories” OR “retrospective delusions”) AND (“Schizophrenia, Paranoid”) [MeSH]. Studies were included if they reported psychopathology, clinical characteristics or treatment strategies of “delusional memories” in DD. Team members: AGR, JAM, MS, MB, MF, ACP, FD, MVS.
ResultsA total of 786 records were retrieved, including six studies. Psychogenesis:A novel cognitive neuropsychological research model (based on hypnosis) in erotomania delusions suggest a potential recall and reinterpretation of delusions beliefs in highly hypnotizable subjects. Biological basis: Frontal lobe (or executive) dysfunction does not seem to contribute to delusional memories in De Clérambault syndrome (erotomania). Phenomenology: 1)General knowledge was essentially intact, while the perceptual characteristics of delusional memories were stronger than real memories. 2)Correlations were found between delusional ideation, positive dimension of schizotypy (r=0.18), and false memories (r=0.27). 3)Jumping-to-conclusions and liberal acceptance bias influence delusional memories. Treatment:Efficacy of 1)Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) (significant reduction delusions), and 2)Metacognitive control over false memories.
ConclusionsThis is the first review exploring the genesis and management of delusional memories in DD. Memory deficits/executive dysfunctions do not seem to be the only cause of this phenomenon.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
“Social functioning and use of rehabilitation resources in a group of people who experienced a first episode of psychosis and participated in a psychotherapeutic group program versus a control group”
- A. Oliva Lozano, J. Garde Gonzalez, P. Herrero Ortega, A. Muñoz-Sanjosé, Á. Palao-Tarrero, M. P. Vidal-Villegas, R. Mediavilla, P. Tarín Garrón, J. M. Pastor-Haro, Á. De Diego Gómez-Cornejo, M. F. Bravo-Ortiz, O. B. O. A.-M. Group
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S185
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Introduction
Psychotic disorders have a huge impact on social functioning, which is the ability to stablish and maintain social activities such as interpersonal relationships and self-care activities of daily living. Research data support that the early intervention in people who have experienced a first episode of psychosis (FEP) -based on a multidisciplinary treatment including both psychopharmacological and psychosocial treatments-, has a relevant role in a favorable evolution. AGES-Mind study is based on manualized psychotherapeutic interventions for people with first-psychosis episodes.
ObjectivesTo describe the use of rehabilitation resources and social functioning in a group of people with FEP who were included in a psychotherapeutic group program versus a control group, at 12 and 24 months since the beginning of the intervention.
MethodsLongitudinal, analytical, observational, retrospective study on a cohort of 46 patients with first-episode psychosis within the last 5 years. 23 patients received group psychotherapy in the context of the AGES-Mind study and they were compared with 23 control patients who did not receive a group intervention (treatment as usual). Controls were matched by age, gender and time elapsed since the first episode of psychosis with those exposed to the intervention. Sociodemographic data, social functioning (self-care, social activities, social relationships, and behavior) and use of rehabilitation resources outcome variables were assessed.
ResultsSignificant differences were found regarding participation in social activities in the intervention group versus control group at 24 months. No significant differences were found in other dimensions of social functioning or in the use of rehabilitation resources.
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ConclusionsFurther studies with larger sample sizes are needed in order to determine if the participation in group therapy leads to an improvement in social functioning and use of rehabilitation resources for people who have experienced a first episode of psychosis.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
SOD and CAT as potential preliminary biomarkers for the differential diagnosis of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in the first episode of psychosis
- C. Cachán-Vega, E. Antuña, C. García-González, J. C. Bermejo-Millo, F. Baena-Huerta, L. González-Blanco, B. Caballero, I. Vega-Naredo, J. Bobes, M. P. García-Portilla, A. Coto-Montes, Y. Potes
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S449-S450
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Introduction
Schizophrenia (SCH) and bipolar disorder (BD) are severe mental disorders which lead to psychotic, affective and cognitive symptoms and often cause a progressive functional deterioration of the individual. The current diagnosis of SCH and BD essentially depends on clinical observation that often leads to misdiagnosis and the introduction of non-specific treatments. Therefore, an early detection and intervention are determinant for a better prognosis. Improving outcomes of a First Episode of Psychosis (FEP) depends mainly on the identification of reliable and discriminatory biomarkers between both disorders.
ObjectivesGiven that oxidative stress has been tightly involved in multiple metal disorders, the major goal of this work was to characterize oxidative alterations in order to identify potential biomarkers which allow the differential diagnosis in an early stage.
MethodsThe study was carried out on samples from 49 subjects (14 women and 35 men), divided into four groups: a control group of 10 individuals not previously diagnosed with any serious mental disorder, 17 patients who had presented a FEP, 12 patients diagnosed with SCH and 10 patients diagnosed with BP. Biochemical analysis were conducted in erythrocyte fraction to characterize the cellular oxidative damage by measuring lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels and the antioxidant defense system by the evaluation of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities.
ResultsIn the present work, we observed a significant increase in LPO levels in both SCH and BD disorders that was not neutralized by the antioxidant defense. It was found that SCH patients, despite exhibiting greater activities of SOD and CAT compared to BD individuals, also showed significantly higher levels of oxidative damage. The differential oxidative profile observed between SCH and BD individuals allowed to perform an individually analysis of patients diagnosed with FEP. Although it was not possible to identify the type of psychotic disorder of all the patients with FEP, the results obtained showed that while several individuals exhibited an oxidative prolife similar to that observed in SCH patients, other individuals presented a prolife very similar to that found in patients with BD.
ConclusionsThe current work reveals that LPO is a potential indicator of worse prognosis after being differentially modified in both SCH and BD. Moreover, SOD and CAT have been identified, by presenting an opposite profile between patients with SCH and BD, as potential preliminary biomarkers for a discriminatory diagnosis in an early stage of the disorder.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
How do men differ from women? Case-Control study on clinic and personality characteristics of eating disorders
- F. Ruiz Guerrero, J. Gonzalez Gómez, C. Cobo Gutierrez, L. Castro Fuentes, C. Hernández Jimenez, J. Romay González, A. Gómez del Barrio
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S849-S850
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Introduction
A review of the literature shows how female sex is a crucial factor in the development of ED, being the proportion of women and men 10 to 1 regardless of the location of the sample (Duncan, Ziobrowski & Nicol, 2017) and different clinical subtypes (AN, BN) (Swanson et al., 2011). However, male population has always been less studied, some works find that only 1% of the articles published in AN is aimed at the study of males (Galusca, 2012).
Nowadays it is accepted that the etiopathogenesis of these disorders is multifactorial and in addition to female gender other risk factors have been identified, such as neurobiological alterations, psychological predictors, personality traits, low self-esteem, extreme perfectionism or thinness values focused on body and figure. On the other hand, certain impulsive behaviours such as self-harm, substance use, physical activity or diets are factors that may be confused as predisposing or as symptoms of the pathology itself (Connan et al., 2003, Treasure, Stein and Maguire, 2015).
Recently, Kinasz, Accurso, Kass and Le Grange (2016) have compared the clinical characteristics that differentiate men (59) from women (560) in a sample of children and adolescents between 6 and 18 years-old, finding that males presented an earlier start of the ED and not appreciating differences in the duration of the disease, income, episodes of purgue and psychiatric comorbidity of anxiety, behaviour disorders or impulsivity.
ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate gender differences in clinical characteristics, levels of depression, previous obsessiveness and personality dimensions in eating disorders (ED) compared with controls.
MethodsA total of 80 participants was divided into 4 groups, 20 men and 20 women with ED and 20 men and 20 women without ED (healthy control), matched by age and socioeconomic status. The design of the study was case-control, and data was collected through clinical interview and a battery of cuestionaires.
ResultsMen with ED only differ in vigorous physical activity (measured by IPAQ) from controls and women with pathology. Regarding personality traits, men and women with ED do not differ among them, although they do differ in novelty search and harm avoidance respect to their controls.
ConclusionsBehaviors such as physical activity in males frame a slightly different way of reducing their discomfort, however, clinical implication indicates that the treatment may be similar according to gender.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the population with a first psychotic episode attended in the mental health services of area 5 of Madrid (Spain)
- J. Garde González, P. Herrero Ortega, A. Oliva Lozano, I. I. Louzao Rojas, M. P. Vidal-Villegas, A. Muñoz-Sanjosé, M. P. Sánchez-Castro, G. Lahera, S. Sánchez Quílez, M. F. Bravo-Ortiz, O. B. O. A.-M. Group
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S443
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Introduction
Risk of functional impairment and progression to chronic illness in people with a first episode of psychosis (FEP) has motivated early intervention programs, showing promising results. Defining the characteristics of people with FEP at local level enables the clinicians to adjust interventional models to the reality of the population. The area 5 of Madrid (Spain) is referred to La Paz University Hospital and it serves a catchment area of roughly 527,000 people.
ObjectivesWe aim to identify sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients in the area 5 of Madrid (Spain) who meet the criteria of FEP.
MethodsA descriptive retrospective study including 179 people (age range 18-40 years) who were attended in mental health services of La Paz University Hospital (area 5 of Madrid, Spain), between January 2019 and May 2020, having suffered a psychotic episode in the last five years.
ResultsThe average age of people with FEP was 29.32 years, with a higher proportion of men (62%). The mean duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) was 3.64 months and 47% of patients consume cannabis. We found disparities in DUP among the different districts in the area and we also observed differences depending on the district for inclusion in rehabilitation programs or psychotherapy. The following averages were obtained for the aggregate sample: 1.01 hospitalization/year, 1.42 emergency room visits/year, 1.81 years of illness and a mean dosage equivalent to olanzapine 6.75 mg/day. The incidence of psychosis in our area has been 7.01 cases per 100000 inhabitants/year.
ConclusionsThe incidence of psychosis has been as expected according to data recorded at previous studies in Spain. The results obtained in our sample have included a lower DUP and a higher use of cannabis than those described in the literature. We have also found differences when observing the inclusion of patients in different treatments (psychotherapy, rehabilitation), which may be related to the differences in the DUP by districts. Further exploration in this field is needed to draw causal conclusions.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Cyclothymia, bipolar disorder and multiple sclerosis: A case report
- M. D. P. Paz Otero, E. Lozano Bori, J. Sánchez Rodríguez, S. Puyal González, M. Fernández Fariña, F. Mayor Sanabria, A. Francos Ajona
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S703-S704
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Introduction
We present the case of a 49-year-old woman who was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis at the age of 19 and suffers from an affective disorder that has been evolving for years. This condition, for which she has been followed by psychiatry and psychology for more than ten years, consists of alternating periods of hypomania lasting weeks and phases in which frank depressive symptomatology predominates, with no phases of euthymia in between and with a predominance of severe deterioration of her functionality at both poles.
Objectives(1) We will review the term cyclothymia and explore the concept of “cyclothymic temperament” advocated by some authors, in order to be able to understand the dimension of the present case and reformulate its approach.
(2) The relationship between multiple sclerosis and bipolar spectrum disorders will be covered, reviewing the current knowledge in this regard and relating it to the patient’s symptomatology.
MethodsA review of the patient’s clinical history will be carried out, taking into account her life history, the complementary tests performed as well as the multiple therapeutic approaches tried over the last few years.
Likewise, a bibliographic review of the available scientific literature will be carried out in relation to the diagnosis of cyclothymia or bipolar disorder type II, the controversial term “cyclothymic temperament”, and the relationship that these diagnoses have with the diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis.
Results(1) Our patient could fit into what many authors define as a cyclothymic temperament, fulfilling, in certain episodes, the criteria that the manuals propose for bipolar disorder type II.
(2) 2.1 The prevalence of bipolar affective disorder in MS is approximately twice as high as in the general population (rates of 0.3-2.4%). 2.2 Patients with MS have higher scores in cyclothymic and hyperthymic temperament than the control group. 2.3 Certain drugs generally used in BD also seem to have a beneficial effect on MS.
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ConclusionsThe reformulation of the concept of cyclothymia would allow us to recognize in our patient a basic temperament of long evolution that would be the substrate on which different factors have subsequently influenced, such as antidepressant drugs or multiple sclerosis. In addition, it is necessary to know the association between BD and MS, in order to be able to offer an adequate treatment, contemplating some pharmacological options such as Lithium or some Atypical Antipsychotics, given the beneficial effect both for the affective disorder and for the neurological process.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared